By Mikayla Morris, CPDT-KA, DCBEC
What Is Canine Confidence?
Canine confidence is a dog’s ability to feel safe, calm, and self-assured in a variety of situations. Confident dogs tend to show neutral, relaxed reactions around people, other dogs, new environments, unfamiliar noises, handling, and changes in routine. Confidence does not mean a dog is overly outgoing or fearless, it just means they are able to cope with the world without becoming overwhelmed.
How Does Confidence Affect a Dog’s Life?
Confidence plays a major role in how a dog responds to stress, stimulation, and social interaction. Confident dogs are more likely to pause, assess a situation, and respond thoughtfully. Dogs lacking confidence may react impulsively, emotionally, or defensively because their nervous system is already operating in a heightened state. This is why two dogs may respond very differently when placed in the same environment. One dog may remain calm and curious, while another may become fearful or reactive. This is not due to training alone, but because of differences in emotional resilience and confidence.
What Causes a Lack of Confidence?
Both nature and nurture play important roles in a dog’s confidence. Confidence is not something that can be trained if the genetic foundation is not there. While training can build skills, coping strategies, and trust, it cannot completely change a dog’s emotional wiring.
Temperament inherited from a dog’s parents, and breed tendencies are big players in the genetic component of confidence. For example, herding breeds such as Border Collies and Australian Shepherds are often more alert and sensitive by nature, which can make them more cautious or suspicious in new situations. This makes early, thoughtful confidence building especially important for these breeds. Dogs in sporting and working groups, such as Labrador Retrievers and German Shepherd Dogs, tend to be more environmentally confident by nature. However, their parents’ temperament and early life experiences still play a significant role in how confident they are as adults.
A common illustration of genetic confidence can be seen in videos of Malinois puppies confidently navigating obstacle courses that have piles of empty water bottles, require crawling through tunnels, climbing ramps, and jumping off unfamiliar surfaces. These puppies are genetically predisposed to problem-solving and exploring new environments. A puppy not bred for this type of confidence may hesitate, refuse to engage, or attempt to avoid the situation entirely. Neither response is “wrong”, but it does reflect different genetic foundations.
Exercises to Build Confidence
Confidence is not about forcing dogs into uncomfortable situations, it’s about setting them up to succeed, helping them feel safe, and allowing them to build resilience at their own pace. All these games below can be used at different levels for different dogs, but it is always ideal to start small and work your way up!
Things to know:
Confidence building can be stressful for some dogs, keep training sessions short and fun and always end on a “win”! Five to 15 minutes is the sweet spot for most sessions.
Marker – A marker is used to let your dog know exactly when they have completed the desired behavior and to let them know a reward is coming. This is the equivalent as a clicker or “yes” and should be trained separately first.
Reward – Rewards should match what your dog finds reinforcing. If your dog loves balls and isn’t very food motivated, use a ball to reward instead of a treat.
Lure – Having the dog follow the treat or toy into a position.
Check in Game
Builds trust and engagement around different simulation
- Start with your dog around a level of distractions they are comfortable with. It is best to start this in a lower distraction area (like in front of your house) and then build up to higher stimulating environments.
- When your dog looks at a person/dog/sound wait for them to look back at you, then mark and
- Repeat this game until your pup is primarily focused on Depending on your dog you can move to more stimulating environment then or end the session and start again at a later point.
Surface Exploration
Builds resilience
- Find a new texture or surface your dog hasn’t interacted with before and attempt to lure them onto the surface. If your dog is very suspicious you can start with just movement toward or looking at the surface.
- Reward once they have made contact (even if it is just one foot) and move away from the surface.
- Return to the surface and repeat, ideally, we will gradually increase how much the dog is interacting with the surface each time we return.
101 Things to do with a Box
Builds problem solving and independent thinking
- Start with an empty box in a room with minimal distractions.
- Mark and reward at the first sign of your dog engaging with the box. You are not encouraging or showing your dog what to do. You are just a silent treat dispenser. This could be sniffing the box, looking at the box, or as far as pawing the box.
- Reward for engaging with the box until your pup is offering the behavior in expectation for a reward.
- Once your pup has learned the game you will pick a different behavior with the box to reward next. This could be putting their front feet in the box, sitting in the box, or biting the box. Continue to reward approximations of the behavior you are hoping for until you get it fully and your dog is now offering it independently.
- Make sure your dog fully understands the behavior you are currently rewarding for before moving on to the next. You can repeat this game indefinitely as you continue to come up with new things for your dog to do with the box. Challenge: If you have run out of ideas of new behaviors with the box, change the environment you are working in to help your pup learn to retain focus with more distractions.
Treat Toss Game
Builds recovery and exploration
This game can be played in settings and in combination with the other exercises. This can be used if your dog is nervous about an object or surface.
- Start with a treat and toss it a short distance from you and your dog. Your dog will go get the treat and then reward them again to check back with you.
- Repeat this with varying the distance, direction, and surface you are tossing the treat.
Here is an example of combining these games to build confidence in a real-life scenario.
Rufus is suspicious of a fallen tree branch on his normal walking path. Toss a treat in the direction of the branch but not too close. Reward your pup for checking in after getting each treat and then toss another treat toward the branch, vary the distance the treat is to the branch and repeat. Once Rufus is comfortable approaching the branch start rewarding for small interactions with the branch. This is similar to the steps in the 101 Things to do with a Box game. As Rufus becomes even more confident around the branch, we can encourage him to step on the branch (as long as it’s stable) or jump over the branch.
Reach out to your local Dogtopia to discuss how we can help you create a wellness routine for your dog today!